Ground that rules out infiltration
Mercia Mudstone underlies much of Warwickshire, Worcestershire and eastern Birmingham, and it barely drains. The Black Country and the Cannock coalfield add Coal Measures clays and made ground, some of it contaminated, where letting water percolate would move pollution downwards. Even on the sandstone, engineers can choose to keep paved-area runoff away from foundations.
For all of these, a lined permeable pavement keeps the surface-level benefits of SuDS while storing the water in a sealed layer, much like a shallow tank spread under the bays.



