Why the sub-base gets a liner here
Permeable paving lets rain through the surface into a deep stone layer. On free-draining ground the water would carry on down. Across most of Greater Manchester it can't: the till takes water too slowly, and on former industrial land the engineer won't let runoff wash through contaminated fill. A welded membrane under the stone turns the sub-base into an attenuation store that empties to the drain through a controlled outlet.
Planning conditions across the conurbation cap discharge rates, and the 2025 national SuDS standards favour surface features like this over pipes and tanks alone. Lined permeable paving gives the storage and the SuDS treatment in the same footprint as the car park.


